في محاولة جديدة لوقف نزيف الحرب الدامية في السودان، قامت دول الرباعية المكونة من الولايات المتحدة الامريكية، المملكة العربية السعودية، الإمارات العربية المتحدة ومصر، مؤخراً قامت بإصدار بياناً دعت فيه الأطراف المتحاربة إلى الالتزام بهدنة إنسانية لثلاثة أشهر؛ يعقبها وقف دائم لإطلاق النار تمهيداً للشروع في عملية سياسية شاملة، وبالتالي حكومة مدنية في غضون تسعة أشهر.

هذا التقرير تم إعداده من تقارير سابقة وفق خطة، وبعد وضع التحديثات الضرورية بغرض جمع أدلة حول أثر الحرب الحالية في السدان على حياة المدنيين. وبالتالي، فهو تقرير مناصرة بالأساس، يستهدف تسليط دائرة ضوء واسعة على الأوضاع الإنسانية في ظل هذه الحرب وانسداد آفاق الحلول السياسية. الرسالة الأخيرة التي يريد التقرير توصليها إلى طرفي الحرب، والمجتمع الدولي والإقليمي، أن هذه الحرب لابد أن تقف اليوم قبل غداً، فكل لحظة زمنية تمر، تفاقم الأوضاع الإنسانية بصورة تجعل من معالجتها أقرب إلى المستحيل، وتتعقد الحلول السياسية.

Ibrahim Adam, the (57) year old man, never predicted his house in Mellit town, in North Darfur, would be at the center of a war zone. Armed confrontations by the warring parties and airstrikes by the Sudanese Armed Forces (SAF) have forced him to leave his house. He became one among thousands of displaced persons from North Darfur (Desert Belt). However, those who could not leave the area have managed to survive the repeated airstrikes by devising an effective trick to preserve their lives and those of their family members. They dig trenches within their houses and in front of shops, in order to hide when hearing warplanes buzzing or sounds of artillery during clashes. These trenches temporarily saved them from death; Ibrahim narrated how people would rush in terror as soon as they heard the buzz of planes.

Escaping from conflict zones is not easy, it can mark the beginning of a new suffering in search of safety. Darfur civilians are facing major challenges throughout the current war in Sudan, while fleeing areas under artillery shelling, airstrikes and fierce battles. Civilians of Al-Fashir have been fleeing war consequences, which continued for more than eight months. Among those fleeing the hell of war is Mrs. Arafa Adam, who was forced to leave the sheltering center in Al-Fashir, where she was staying and relocated to areas controlled by the Sudan Liberation Movement (SLM)- Abdul Wahid Mohamed Nur in Jabal Marra. “After spending two days on top of an overcrowded truck, we managed to reach Rokiirow in Jabal Marra”, says Arafa, describing her journey from AL-Fashir. She further said: “The journey was not easy. We faced many challenges, including lack of food and water, which made us worry about our health and that of our children”. Similarly, another IDP, Mr. Suleiman Ibrahim, explained that traveling between mountainous areas to reach Jabal Marra is very challenging, adding; “Families are forced to walk for days in very hard conditions facing harsh winter, making the journey more difficult“. Suleiman elaborated that; some IDPs prefer to travel by truck as it offers them some comfort, while others choose to walk due to lack of transportation means and money in addition to their suffering. “Many children and women are suffering from physical exhaustion and hunger, and some are forced to abandon their belongings or even family members“, he added.

Upon its decision made in November, last year, the Government of Sudan has finally replaced one bill of the Sudanese currency (only the one-thousand-pound banknote), while the initial intention was to replace tow notes. The replacement process, which ended on January 6, 2025, covered seven states out of the country’s 18 states. The Sudan Central Bank acknowledged that the currency replacement in 11 states has been postponed due to exceptional measures, hence ensuring accurate implementation of the plan to preserve citizens’ rights. The Bank stressed that some bills of the old currency are exempted until they are replaced later. Despite the challenges, the Central Bank stressed its commitment to fairness and inclusivity of the process. However, Darfur states were among the states that were excluded from the process, based on RSF’s rejection of the new currency notes, considering them as illegal tenders. RSF proceeded to issue a decision preventing circulation of the new currency bills in the region, while allowing the circulation of foreign currencies.
In this report, SalaaMedia Center records the effects of the currency replacement as well as banning its circulation within RSF-controlled areas.

The grave violations committed in Darfur around mid-2003 shocked, the global human conscience and led international organizations to accuse the head of the regime, his military officers, and the militias under his command of committing crimes of genocide and ethnic cleansing in the region. Two decades later, the entire country has been plunged into a grinding war that has spread to all regions, where indescribable atrocities have been – and continue to be – committed. Some observers of the conflict attribute the violence in Darfur, to environmental, political, social, and historical factors. These factors include accumulated negligence and marginalization of the region by central governments along with the drought in mid-1980s, which tore Darfur’s social fabric. This, combined with the steady population growth due to high birth rates and migration of desert nomads from the sub-Saharan belt into Darfur in search of land due to the drought, such factors led to the collapse of Darfur’s fragile social fabric. Since then, the fragile relationship between farmers and pastoralists in Darfur began to break down, leading to ethnic conflicts between the region’s components.

Approaching the end of the second year of war in Sudan, humanitarian situation continues to deteriorate at all levels, leaving behind unimaginable tragedies, that it has been described as the greatest humanitarian disaster in modern human history. Not only did this war destroyed infrastructure and social relations but also put the entire young generations’ future at risk. Therefore, calls to stop the continuous shed of blood and resources become of great importance at all levels in order to shape the states and society future in Sudan.
This report relied mainly on previous reports by the SalaaMedia Center that reviewed the humanitarian situation in Darfur, peace endeavors and efforts made in this regard. It also includes subsequent developments; situations update, and its generated results and recommendations drawn from analysis of the data accumulated from the previous reports.

The 52 years old, Sayedah Mohamed Hardimi, with her below 13 years old disabled daughter, were forced to leave their home in Al-Ma’had (B) neighborhood due to battles between the Sudanese Armed Forces (SAF) and the Rapid Support Forces (RSF) in Al Fashir town and recited to Zamzam Camp for internally displaced persons (IDPs) searching of safety. However, the mother and her girl again suffered terror and panic after the camp was subjected to artillery shelling by RSF for days in early December 2024. After taking refuge to Zamzam camp, the woman who teaches physics subject at secondary schools in North Darfur state, was unable to escape this time. She said in a video clip circulated on social media that; she and her disabled girl-child were unable to flee for the second time due to lack of money that would have enabled them to relocate to a safer place. She stated, “Artillery shells from four directions fell near the center of the camp where we live with others.” The loud sounds of the cannons were enough to terrify Sayedah and all the displaced people in the camp, forcing many of them to flee, leaving only her and some families, including disabled and elderly persons, with no options or means to move to a safe haven. The mother added, “Families who had financial abilities left the camp, while we do not have transportation fare.”

It has been proven throughout the long history of human experience that violations that occur among civilians are the most prominent feature of many wars. Violations vary and take tragic forms, manifested in their most extreme form by depriving a person of his right to life. The current war in Sudan remains a strong testimony to the horror of these violations, especially in Darfur. The practices of both sides of the war, such as detention without legal support, torture that degrades human dignity, and even murder, have constituted one of the greatest disasters that humanity has witnessed recently. There is no doubt that the longer the war lasts, the more the rates of violations increase, the more diverse their forms become, and the more complex the ways to resolve them become. Civilians in Darfur had the largest share of violations compared to the rest of the regions of Sudan, due to the prolonged war there since 2003 AD. Arbitrary arrests, unlawful detention, kidnapping and enforced disappearance; It has become part of daily life in Darfur. These crimes committed by the parties to the war were accompanied by torture and starvation, which led to the death of a significant number of victims inside prisons and detention centers. In previous reports, the SalaaMedia team monitored more than 271 arrest crimes committed by war parties against civilians in the states of North and South Darfur. Later, the number of detainees in South Darfur rose to 353 people as a result of the application of the emergency law imposed by the civil administration in the state. This report particularly highlights the torture and death accompanying detention by warring parties.

Education is a recognized right in accordance with the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, in which Article 26 states: “Everyone has the right to education.” Despite this, there are only a few days left until the date of the Sudanese certificate exams (postponed) from the year 2023 AD; The Federal Ministry of Education announced its establishment on December 28, 2024, AD. The announcement of exams came despite the lack of clarity surrounding the future of students in several states in Sudan, especially Darfur. Which may lead to depriving them of their right to compete with their colleagues in the (relatively) stable states, and thus this will affect their right to education. Depriving Darfur students from participating in Sudanese certificate exams is a clear violation of the right guaranteed under the Universal Declaration of Human Rights.
In this report, the SalaaMedia team reviews the obstacles that students in the Darfur states face in applying and then sitting for the Sudanese certificate exams. This is due to a breakdown in communication between federal institutions and lower levels in areas outside the control of the armed forces. Controlled by support forces.

Displaced people at camps in Darfur states, have not been spared the hell of the current war, despite the existence of clear provisions in international humanitarian law requiring their protection. The camps that were established as a result of the 2003 war, and the shelter centers in which citizens took refuge after the outbreak of the 2023 war, were subjected to attacks and artillery and air bombardment, by the parties to the war. Which led to hundreds of deaths and injuries and the complete destruction of some shelter centers, in addition to a number of homes and service facilities in the camps. The number of displacement camps in Darfur reached about 176 camps distributed among the five states of the region.
In this report, the Salaamedia team monitored the numbers of dead and wounded in the camps (Abushouk, Zamzam, Al-Hasahisa, Khamsa Daqaq, and Atash). Monitoring is limited to the period between April to November 2023 AD for the camps in the states of South and Central Darfur, and from April to November 2024, for the camps in the states of North and East Darfur. These are the periods within which the frequency of battles increased between the parties to the war in the cities of the region.

The decision of the Central Bank of Sudan to change some denominations of the Sudanese currency sparked widespread reactions. This is because of its economic and political effects related to the war the country is witnessing. Although the Central Bank formulated a number of justifications for printing the new currency, including draining the markets of counterfeit currencies looted from banks, banks, companies, shops and homes. However, the decision may cause additional living suffering for civilians in conflict areas, especially the Darfur region, due to the Central Bank’s loss of the mechanism for distributing cash currencies throughout the country and its inability to send new denominations to those areas, where banks and banks have gone out of service. The battles that took place between the armed forces and the Rapid Support Forces in the main cities of the Darfur region led to the destruction of most of the bank branches after their balances were looted, and thus they were completely out of service. Which led to a scarcity of cash among civilians to the point of nonexistence due to the complete interruption of the periodic supply of banknotes to the cities of the region.

The three-month period specified by the Sudanese government to operate the Adre border crossing between Sudan and Chad ends by mid-November. Dr. Jibril Ibrahim, the Sudanese Minister of Finance, anticipated this date with a tweet on his account. He said, this crossing must be closed immediately until some arrangements are fixed including the presence of a team from the Customs Police, the Standards and Metrology Authority, and the Intelligence Service at the crossing, in addition to placing X-ray scanning devices to facilitate the identification of transit goods. This coincided with statements by government officials that there was no famine in the Darfur region, which indicates the government’s intention to close the crossing again. In this regard, the Sudanese Minister of Agriculture, Abu Bakr Al-Bushra, denied the presence of signs of famine in Sudan. He said, “Everything that is being raised about the existence of famine in Sudan is intended to open the borders and exploit that to bring in weapons and equipment for the Rapid Support Forces and pave the way for the entry of foreign forces, and this harms Sudan’s sovereignty.” This comes in light of calls from the international community to keep the crossing open for aid to enter the region, and the World Food Program said that it needs safe access and the flow of aid through all border crossings. In this report, Salaamedia Center monitors amounts of relief received by the states of Darfur through Adre crossing in the period from September 1, 2024, until now, in completion of the monitoring process carried out by the center since the opening of the crossing in the period from August 15 to August 30, 2024. In addition to researching the effects that closing the crossing might have on the humanitarian situation

Citizens in the Darfur region suffer from a severe shortage of food and basic materials, as well as a lack of necessary life-saving medicines, which has led to a noticeable increase in the deaths of mothers and pregnant women. Despite this, there is a loss of security and stability as a result of the violent fighting in the city of El Fasher between the armed forces and the joint force on the one hand, and the Rapid Support Forces on the other hand. The air strikes also worsened the conditions in areas where clashes had stopped, or which were under the control of the Rapid Support.
These conditions mask a growing humanitarian crisis, as displaced people and the communities hosting them suffer from severe food shortages, and women and children are unable to obtain necessary health care. Due to the disruption of the health system in the region. Regarding education, there is an estimated percentage of children who are not enrolled in school. Moreover, the rates of security incidents and disturbances have increased in areas not witnessing conflict.
This report summarizes the overall humanitarian disasters to which civilians in Darfur have been exposed as a result of the war and the armed forces’ warplane raids, especially calls from official authorities to close the crossings through which humanitarian aid flows. This resulted in disasters that put the people of Darfur in a spiral with almost no chance of survival. All these disasters surround the people of Darfur, and thus place huge responsibilities on the international and regional community. The most important of which is pressure to stop the war, in addition to the serious effort to provide humanitarian aid to save civilians from the danger of hunger, in addition to pressure for arrangements that preserve human life in the region from other dangers.

Civilians in Darfur region have been exposed to violations by the parties to the war under the pretext of cooperation with any of the warring parties. It is accompanied by a clear violation of freedoms, such as detentions, deprivation of communications services and restriction of movement within the region and out.

Fears and concerns are increasing day after day that continuation of the war in Sudan will cause more than five million children and about 100,000 students in higher education institutions to lose their right to education in the Darfur region. The war caused widespread destruction on education infrastructure in the region, which led to the disruption of educational process in all states of the region, except in some areas thanks to the initiatives of local communities.
In this report, SalaaMedia team highlights the state of education and volume of damage to various education facilities in the region, as well as the number of affected students, in addition to local initiatives contributing to providing opportunities for some students to continue their education.

Airstrikes by Sudanese Armed Forces warplanes on Al-Kuma locality in North Darfur state amounted to more than 20 raids within five months. That is in spite of the residents adopting a position of neutrality, choosing not to align with either side of the war, in a meeting in the town’s mosque, only three days after the war eruption.
Upon early days of the war, Al-Kuma became a destination and a shelter for displaced people from Khartoum, Nyala, Umm Kadada, Al-Fashir, and other areas that witnessed confrontations between the Sudanese Armed Forces and the Rapid Support Forces. IDPs statistics – according to local residents – exceeded 40 thousand families, residing in 23 camps. The Darfur Victims Advocacy Organization stated that the Al-Kuma houses about 350,000 displaced people, most of whom are women, children and elderlies. The town never encountered any clashes between the warring parties since the beginning of war, dur to fact that, there are no garrisons for the Armed Forces nor the Rapid Support Forces.
Al-Kuma town hosts the Headquarters of Al- Kuma locality, distance about 76 kilometers east of Al-Fashir along the national road linking Darfur region to the capital, Khartoum. The locality includes four administrative units (Al-Kuma, Sari, Um Heglig, Al-Kabir and Ghibaish), where most inhabitants draw from Arab pastoralist origins.
In this report, SalaaMedia team illustrates the number of air strikes that the locality was subjected to, the numbers of dead and wounded civilians, and as well attempts to explore reasons behind airstrikes targeting the area with such a number of airstrikes since battles intensified in North Darfur in May 2024.

The second paragraph of the Jeddah Declaration of Humanitarian Principles stipulates that the parties to the conflict must respect International Humanitarian Law and International Humanitarian Rights Law, including distinguishing at all times between civilians and combatants and between civilian objects and military objectives, and refraining from any attack that is expected to cause incidental civilian damage that is excessive in relation to the concrete and direct military advantage anticipated. Despite this, the airstrikes of the armed forces since the beginning of the war in Sudan on the 15th of April 2023, have continued to target various towns and states of Sudan, including Darfur, causing loss of life, properties, and infrastructural facilities.
This report highlights the bombing operations that South Darfur State was subjected to and the resulting loss of life, property, and civilian objects during the period from July to December 2024.
South Darfur State witnessed four airstrikes during the last two months, which were concentrated on the neighborhoods of Nyala town, with most of the airstrikes occurring at night or in the early morning hours.
Organizations’ data and press reports indicated that most of these raids were carried out by Antonov aircrafts, as these aircrafts dropped more than eight barrels on Nyala airport alone in the last bombing of the town.

The escalation of fighting between the Sudanese Armed Forces and the Joint Force against the Rapid Support Forces after the announcement of the mediation led by the United States of America, Saudi Arabia, and Switzerland to lift the Geneva negotiations on August 23, 2024. The escalation occurred despite the pressure of the international community on the two parties to stop the fighting in the town of Al-Fashir. As a result, civilians in the Darfur region are facing harsh humanitarian conditions due to the battles taking place in the town and the ongoing air strikes launched by the military aircraft of the Armed Forces.
In this report, SalaaMedia team monitors the battles that took place in the town of Al-Fashir after the suspension of the Geneva negotiations, the impact of this on civilians in Darfur, and the effectiveness of international pressure on the reality in Al-Fashir.

The causes of death have multiplied due to the effects of of the war since April 2023, which left widespread destruction in the health sector infrastructure in Darfur states, including hospitals, health centers, pharmacies, warehouses and drug stores in the region. This resulted in the lack of health care services, a shortage of medicine, and a significant increase in the its prices. It is worth noting that the World Health Organization had previously called on donors to support the health sector in Sudan with an estimated $178 million in order to address the health crisis that the country is experiencing.

Between United Nations Resolution that aims at lifting the siege from Al Fashir, the capital of North Darfur State, and the local, regional, and other international pressure initiatives to end war in Sudan; the situation in Al Fashir is still deteriorating due to the fighting escalation between SAF and its allied forces, against the RSF. In addition to that, the aerial strikes and bombardments on North Darfur State have not stopped despite the imposed Flight Embargo on Darfur since 2003 and sanctions by the European Union Council on SAF Airforce Commander, Gen. Altahir Mohammed Al-Awad Al-Amen. It was hoped that these international, regional, and local efforts would put pressures on the warring parties to stop the fight and save the lives of citizens, but in vain, while civilians remain unprotected.
This report shed lights on the statistics of civilians killed during the fighting in Al Fashir and those forced to flee, as well as those threatened by famine and lack of access to health care due to destruction of the health sector.

Local initiatives have multiplied to reduce the effects of the humanitarian situation left behind by the war between the Armed Forces and Rapid Support Forces, after international efforts to provide humanitarian aid faced many obstacles; which caused famine in a number of states in the country. Among these initiatives are what emergency rooms and youth groups in Darfur towns have been doing, and efforts to make this year’s agricultural season a success, in addition to attempts to open airports in Darfur towns to receive humanitarian aid after the rainy season hindered the delivery of relief to all parts of the region.
In this report, the SalaaMedia Center monitors these initiatives and their effectiveness in confronting the effects of the war and famine that struck large parts of towns and displacement camps in Darfur.

The border crossing leading to Darfur have remained close to the flow of humanitarian aid as a result of the war and natural disasters such as floods and rains. The opening of the Adre border crossing between Sudan and Chad was announced to deliver humanitarian aid to Darfur; the first shipment of aid arrived on August 20.
In this report, SalaaMedia sheds light on the the process of opening the crossings and the challenges they face, in addition to to the internal and external reactions to the feasibility of opening these crossings.

Local initiatives have multiplied to reduce the effects of the humanitarian situation left behind by the war between the Armed Forces and Rapid Support Forces, after international efforts to provide humanitarian aid faced many obstacles; which caused famine in a number of states in the country. Among these initiatives are what emergency rooms and youth groups in Darfur towns have been doing, and efforts to make this year’s agricultural season a success, in addition to attempts to open airports in Darfur towns to receive humanitarian aid after the rainy season hindered the delivery of relief to all parts of the region.
In this report, the SalaaMedia Center monitors these initiatives and their effectiveness in confronting the effects of the war and famine that struck large parts of towns and displacement camps in Darfur.

The floods, due to the high rainfall rate this year, have created another factor of death, suffering and displacement of citizens in the Darfur region, which has been suffering from the scourges of wars since 2003. The month of August of each year witnesses the peak of rainfall rates and torrential floods. This year, floods swept more than 20 towns, villages and camps for displaced persons in the region, causing loss of life and properties, with the collapse of thousands of homes and service facilities.
In this report, the SalaaMedia team monitored the deaths and losses of resulting from this disaster, including a number of deaths, homeless, displaced persons, service facilities, roads and bridges, in addition to losses in livestock.

For more the two decades, the region, which covers an area of 493,180 square kilometers, has not it witnessed any social quietness or political calmness due to power struggles or ethnic/tribal conflicts. It was only those a few years of calmness that followed the Sudanese Revolt in December 2018; which led to the signing of Juba Agreement for Peace in Sudan. After the outbreak of the nonsensical war of 15th of April, 2023 between the Sudanese Armed Forces and Rapid Support Forces, the Darfur region turned to a state of tension and bloody conflict. Events, in the region, accelerated in a way that negatively affected the social cohesion and fabric of the region as well as its political context.
This report aims at analyzing these tragic events, an identifying their main actors, in addition to that, the report aims at providing a concise analysis of the human casualties’ cost of these tribal conflicts. It is, as well, a genuine attempt to fully understand the polarization processes of these various conflicting parties that negatively contributed to the fueling of these unfortunate conflicts. The report also shed light on the active forces that provide the conflicting parties with military logistic supplies and weapons that increased the intensity and scope of the conflicts. This report is based on data monitored by Insights institution as well as other press institutions, in addition to open sources data monitored by SalaaMedia team.
.For professional purposes related to the sensitivity of conflicts, the report will keep the names of conflicting parties anonymous

The current Sudanese war between the Sudan Armed Forces and the Rapid Support Forces has been accompanied by several arrests, detention, and enforced disappearances by the warring parties; a large number of people and civilians have been arrested in various parts of the country, under the pretext of being accused of collaborating with one of warring parties. Mr. Radwan Nouicer, the United Nations Human Rights expert on Sudan, expressed his concern about the deteriorating of human rights situation in Sudan. Mr. Radawn Nouicer said in a press release that issued by the UN Human Rights Office that during his recent visit to Sudan, he urged the authorities to take urgent action in four areas, including: stopping the arbitrary arrest and detention of individuals, including civil society activists; and ensuring that all those involved in human rights violations and abuses are held accountable.
Mr. Volker Turk, the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights, said on the occasion of the first anniversary of the war in Sudan, “Since the outbreak of fighting on the 15th of April 2023 AD, many civilians have been subjected to enforced disappearance and arbitrary detention, in addition to disturbing reports of torture by both parties.” The High Commissioner condemned arbitrary arrest, detention, threat and intimidation against civil society representatives, human rights defenders, journalists, and others.

Many reports of international organizations and UN agencies indicate that the war of the 15th of April 2023 AD has been accompanied by a noticeable increase in rates of violations at an unprecedented rate in the history of wars in Sudan. Human beings’ abuses have increased in Darfur region during the current war. These violations are clearly manifested in the figures and numbers of the displaced people, the dead, and the aerial bombardments, the destruction of public and private facilities and properties, the rarity of food and medicines, and unlimited statistics of malnutrition. This is in addition to the tribal conflict, excessive proliferation of weapons and the severity of polarization by both sides of the war.

in Darfur region, the ongoing war between Sudan Armed Forces (SAF) and the Rapid Support Forces (RSF) is killing children who represent the entire future, together with the elderly who are carrying the memories and history. The war which exceeded 485 days, according to international and United Nations’ agencies left behind a legacy of catastrophic and miserable situations. The United Nations and the American Famine Early Warning Systems Network have jointly declared Zamzam IDPs camp in Northern Darfur as a famine zone. The Coordination for IDPs and Refugees in Darfur, on the other hand, has reported that this catastrophic situation does not solely confine to Zamzam refugees’ camp, but rather engulf other 171 refugees’ camps, which are identically similar to Zamzam’s situation. The threatened camps about to reach the state of crisis and catastrophe. The causes of this famine are attributable to the ongoing war, unjustifiably groundless hindrances and obstructions of aid access to the needy and war-affected people, in addition to the natural unfavorable factors of rains and floods. Surprisingly, National Humanitarian Aid Commission (NHAC) has denied any existence of famine in Zamzam camp. While RSF, which is controlling most of Darfur region (four out of five states), blames SAF responsible for preventing and hindering the delivery of the humanitarian assistance to reach the needy people in the region and areas under their control.

Recently, the United Nations announced its decision to set up a humanitarian operation center in Central Darfur state. Mr. Toby Harward, the UN’s Deputy Secretary-General for Humanitarian Coordination in Sudan, shared this update on a social media platform. The choice of Central Darfur as a humanitarian hub was influenced by the intact UN facilities in the state compared to other states, as well as its central location in Darfur Region. Mr. Harward mentioned that warehouses in Nertiti, Golo, and Zalingei remained secure during conflicts, thanks to local authorities’ actions. He emphasized the importance of these facilities for expanding humanitarian aid delivery.
The UN’s announcement coincided with negotiations facilitated by the organization between conflicting parties – the SAF and RSF – concerning humanitarian issues in Geneva in early July. Following these discussions, RSF committed to easing the distribution of humanitarian aid in various Sudanese regions, particularly those under its control. These developments unfolded against the backdrop of a dire humanitarian crisis in Darfur, where the ongoing conflict between SAF and RSF has led to the displacement of millions, causing them to lose their homes, belongings, and basic necessities for survival.
In a July 21, 2024 interview with Darfur24, Mr. Harward shared that reports from the Sudan Liberation Movement led by Abdul Wahid Mohamed Nur indicated that Jebel Marra, under their control, hosted around 5 million displaced individuals. Harward described the situation in Darfur as catastrophic, stressing the UN’s commitment to negotiating with all parties to secure access – by air or land – to provide food, medicine, and shelter to all affected areas and individuals in need.
Meanwhile, numerous long-standing and newly displaced persons in camps near Nyala, Zalingei, Al Fashir, and Al Daein continue to face the looming threat of famine. This includes thousands of malnourished children, women, and elderly individuals due to the obstruction of humanitarian aid.

Since day one of the war outbreak in Sudan between Sudan Armed Forces SAF and the Rapid Support Forces RSF, the SAF Airforce launched attacks on RSF bases and civilian targets in the capital Khartoum. (140) days later, on September 3, 2023, SAF Airforce launched the first airstrike on Nyala in South Darfur State Sudan Tribune. However, according to multiple media sources, some (42) consecutive airstrikes were carried-out on several towns and villages in the five states of Darfur, resulted in multiple deaths and injures including children, women and elderly people, in addition killing of livestock. These successive raids caused damages on infrastructures, such as hospitals, schools, markets, including the most important bridge linking the northern and southern parts of Nyala, plus destruction of hundreds of houses. However, July 14, 2024 recorded the last two airstrikes on Nyala and El Geneina.
Information contained in this report were obtained have been gathered, analyzed, verified by SalaaMedia team from several sources.

360 days after the eruption of Sudanese War in April 15, 2023, battels escalated in Al-Fashir North Darfur State. This development occurred after Darfur Armed Movements signatories to Juba peace agreement switch position and declared to fight beside the Sudanese Armed Forces (SAF). In return to that, the Rapid Support Forces (RSF), encircled Al Fashir since May 10, 2024, after taking full control of Milleet town in Northern Darfur State in April 14, 2024. Clashes in and out of Al Fashir resulted into massive displacement of around 328,981 civilians, according to IOM Displacement Matrix. On other side, and due to military operations around Al Fashir on 10 – 19 of June 2024, about 346 people were killed and 2,200 injured, said Dr. Mohamed Abdalla Khatir, the General Director of Ministry of Health in North Darfur State.
In a report posted by Medical San Frontiers- MSF in June 14, 2024, on 10 – 11 of June 2024, the number of wounded persons reported at the Southern and Al-Saudi hospitals have reached 1,418, while 226 people recorded dead.

The Independent Fact-Finding Mission in Sudan issued its report after seven months of searching and information gathering on the facts, circumstances and root causes of alleged violations and abuses of human rights and international humanitarian law, and related crimes committed by the two warring parties and their respective alliances. However, immediately after the report was issued, the government announced its rejection of its contents in full, accusing it of lack of professionalism and independence. Meanwhile, the Rapid Support Forces described the report’s findings as unbalanced, and said in a statement that the Mission did not visit the areas under its control, yet called for extending the Mission’s mandate.