Civilians in Darfur region have been exposed to violations by the parties to the war under the pretext of cooperation with any of the warring parties. It is accompanied by a clear violation of freedoms, such as detentions, deprivation of communications services and restriction of movement within the region and out.

Fears and concerns are increasing day after day that continuation of the war in Sudan will cause more than five million children and about 100,000 students in higher education institutions to lose their right to education in the Darfur region. The war caused widespread destruction on education infrastructure in the region, which led to the disruption of educational process in all states of the region, except in some areas thanks to the initiatives of local communities.
In this report, SalaaMedia team highlights the state of education and volume of damage to various education facilities in the region, as well as the number of affected students, in addition to local initiatives contributing to providing opportunities for some students to continue their education.

The second paragraph of the Jeddah Declaration of Humanitarian Principles stipulates that the parties to the conflict must respect International Humanitarian Law and International Humanitarian Rights Law, including distinguishing at all times between civilians and combatants and between civilian objects and military objectives, and refraining from any attack that is expected to cause incidental civilian damage that is excessive in relation to the concrete and direct military advantage anticipated. Despite this, the airstrikes of the armed forces since the beginning of the war in Sudan on the 15th of April 2023, have continued to target various towns and states of Sudan, including Darfur, causing loss of life, properties, and infrastructural facilities.
This report highlights the bombing operations that South Darfur State was subjected to and the resulting loss of life, property, and civilian objects during the period from July to December 2024.
South Darfur State witnessed four airstrikes during the last two months, which were concentrated on the neighborhoods of Nyala town, with most of the airstrikes occurring at night or in the early morning hours.
Organizations’ data and press reports indicated that most of these raids were carried out by Antonov aircrafts, as these aircrafts dropped more than eight barrels on Nyala airport alone in the last bombing of the town.

The escalation of fighting between the Sudanese Armed Forces and the Joint Force against the Rapid Support Forces after the announcement of the mediation led by the United States of America, Saudi Arabia, and Switzerland to lift the Geneva negotiations on August 23, 2024. The escalation occurred despite the pressure of the international community on the two parties to stop the fighting in the town of Al-Fashir. As a result, civilians in the Darfur region are facing harsh humanitarian conditions due to the battles taking place in the town and the ongoing air strikes launched by the military aircraft of the Armed Forces.
In this report, SalaaMedia team monitors the battles that took place in the town of Al-Fashir after the suspension of the Geneva negotiations, the impact of this on civilians in Darfur, and the effectiveness of international pressure on the reality in Al-Fashir.

The causes of death have multiplied due to the effects of of the war since April 2023, which left widespread destruction in the health sector infrastructure in Darfur states, including hospitals, health centers, pharmacies, warehouses and drug stores in the region. This resulted in the lack of health care services, a shortage of medicine, and a significant increase in the its prices. It is worth noting that the World Health Organization had previously called on donors to support the health sector in Sudan with an estimated $178 million in order to address the health crisis that the country is experiencing.

The current Sudanese war between the Sudan Armed Forces and the Rapid Support Forces has been accompanied by several arrests, detention, and enforced disappearances by the warring parties; a large number of people and civilians have been arrested in various parts of the country, under the pretext of being accused of collaborating with one of warring parties. Mr. Radwan Nouicer, the United Nations Human Rights expert on Sudan, expressed his concern about the deteriorating of human rights situation in Sudan. Mr. Radawn Nouicer said in a press release that issued by the UN Human Rights Office that during his recent visit to Sudan, he urged the authorities to take urgent action in four areas, including: stopping the arbitrary arrest and detention of individuals, including civil society activists; and ensuring that all those involved in human rights violations and abuses are held accountable.
Mr. Volker Turk, the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights, said on the occasion of the first anniversary of the war in Sudan, “Since the outbreak of fighting on the 15th of April 2023 AD, many civilians have been subjected to enforced disappearance and arbitrary detention, in addition to disturbing reports of torture by both parties.” The High Commissioner condemned arbitrary arrest, detention, threat and intimidation against civil society representatives, human rights defenders, journalists, and others.

Many reports of international organizations and UN agencies indicate that the war of the 15th of April 2023 AD has been accompanied by a noticeable increase in rates of violations at an unprecedented rate in the history of wars in Sudan. Human beings’ abuses have increased in Darfur region during the current war. These violations are clearly manifested in the figures and numbers of the displaced people, the dead, and the aerial bombardments, the destruction of public and private facilities and properties, the rarity of food and medicines, and unlimited statistics of malnutrition. This is in addition to the tribal conflict, excessive proliferation of weapons and the severity of polarization by both sides of the war.

in Darfur region, the ongoing war between Sudan Armed Forces (SAF) and the Rapid Support Forces (RSF) is killing children who represent the entire future, together with the elderly who are carrying the memories and history. The war which exceeded 485 days, according to international and United Nations’ agencies left behind a legacy of catastrophic and miserable situations. The United Nations and the American Famine Early Warning Systems Network have jointly declared Zamzam IDPs camp in Northern Darfur as a famine zone. The Coordination for IDPs and Refugees in Darfur, on the other hand, has reported that this catastrophic situation does not solely confine to Zamzam refugees’ camp, but rather engulf other 171 refugees’ camps, which are identically similar to Zamzam’s situation. The threatened camps about to reach the state of crisis and catastrophe. The causes of this famine are attributable to the ongoing war, unjustifiably groundless hindrances and obstructions of aid access to the needy and war-affected people, in addition to the natural unfavorable factors of rains and floods. Surprisingly, National Humanitarian Aid Commission (NHAC) has denied any existence of famine in Zamzam camp. While RSF, which is controlling most of Darfur region (four out of five states), blames SAF responsible for preventing and hindering the delivery of the humanitarian assistance to reach the needy people in the region and areas under their control.

Recently, the United Nations announced its decision to set up a humanitarian operation center in Central Darfur state. Mr. Toby Harward, the UN’s Deputy Secretary-General for Humanitarian Coordination in Sudan, shared this update on a social media platform. The choice of Central Darfur as a humanitarian hub was influenced by the intact UN facilities in the state compared to other states, as well as its central location in Darfur Region. Mr. Harward mentioned that warehouses in Nertiti, Golo, and Zalingei remained secure during conflicts, thanks to local authorities’ actions. He emphasized the importance of these facilities for expanding humanitarian aid delivery.
The UN’s announcement coincided with negotiations facilitated by the organization between conflicting parties – the SAF and RSF – concerning humanitarian issues in Geneva in early July. Following these discussions, RSF committed to easing the distribution of humanitarian aid in various Sudanese regions, particularly those under its control. These developments unfolded against the backdrop of a dire humanitarian crisis in Darfur, where the ongoing conflict between SAF and RSF has led to the displacement of millions, causing them to lose their homes, belongings, and basic necessities for survival.
In a July 21, 2024 interview with Darfur24, Mr. Harward shared that reports from the Sudan Liberation Movement led by Abdul Wahid Mohamed Nur indicated that Jebel Marra, under their control, hosted around 5 million displaced individuals. Harward described the situation in Darfur as catastrophic, stressing the UN’s commitment to negotiating with all parties to secure access – by air or land – to provide food, medicine, and shelter to all affected areas and individuals in need.
Meanwhile, numerous long-standing and newly displaced persons in camps near Nyala, Zalingei, Al Fashir, and Al Daein continue to face the looming threat of famine. This includes thousands of malnourished children, women, and elderly individuals due to the obstruction of humanitarian aid.

360 days after the eruption of Sudanese War in April 15, 2023, battels escalated in Al-Fashir North Darfur State. This development occurred after Darfur Armed Movements signatories to Juba peace agreement switch position and declared to fight beside the Sudanese Armed Forces (SAF). In return to that, the Rapid Support Forces (RSF), encircled Al Fashir since May 10, 2024, after taking full control of Milleet town in Northern Darfur State in April 14, 2024. Clashes in and out of Al Fashir resulted into massive displacement of around 328,981 civilians, according to IOM Displacement Matrix. On other side, and due to military operations around Al Fashir on 10 – 19 of June 2024, about 346 people were killed and 2,200 injured, said Dr. Mohamed Abdalla Khatir, the General Director of Ministry of Health in North Darfur State.
In a report posted by Medical San Frontiers- MSF in June 14, 2024, on 10 – 11 of June 2024, the number of wounded persons reported at the Southern and Al-Saudi hospitals have reached 1,418, while 226 people recorded dead.