For more the two decades, the region, which covers an area of 493,180 square kilometers, has not it witnessed any social quietness or political calmness due to power struggles or ethnic/tribal conflicts. It was only those a few years of calmness that followed the Sudanese Revolt in December 2018; which led to the signing of Juba Agreement for Peace in Sudan. After the outbreak of the nonsensical war of 15th of April, 2023 between the Sudanese Armed Forces and Rapid Support Forces, the Darfur region turned to a state of tension and bloody conflict. Events, in the region, accelerated in a way that negatively affected the social cohesion and fabric of the region as well as its political context.
This report aims at analyzing these tragic events, an identifying their main actors, in addition to that, the report aims at providing a concise analysis of the human casualties’ cost of these tribal conflicts. It is, as well, a genuine attempt to fully understand the polarization processes of these various conflicting parties that negatively contributed to the fueling of these unfortunate conflicts. The report also shed light on the active forces that provide the conflicting parties with military logistic supplies and weapons that increased the intensity and scope of the conflicts. This report is based on data monitored by Insights institution as well as other press institutions, in addition to open sources data monitored by SalaaMedia team.
.For professional purposes related to the sensitivity of conflicts, the report will keep the names of conflicting parties anonymous

The current Sudanese war between the Sudan Armed Forces and the Rapid Support Forces has been accompanied by several arrests, detention, and enforced disappearances by the warring parties; a large number of people and civilians have been arrested in various parts of the country, under the pretext of being accused of collaborating with one of warring parties. Mr. Radwan Nouicer, the United Nations Human Rights expert on Sudan, expressed his concern about the deteriorating of human rights situation in Sudan. Mr. Radawn Nouicer said in a press release that issued by the UN Human Rights Office that during his recent visit to Sudan, he urged the authorities to take urgent action in four areas, including: stopping the arbitrary arrest and detention of individuals, including civil society activists; and ensuring that all those involved in human rights violations and abuses are held accountable.
Mr. Volker Turk, the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights, said on the occasion of the first anniversary of the war in Sudan, “Since the outbreak of fighting on the 15th of April 2023 AD, many civilians have been subjected to enforced disappearance and arbitrary detention, in addition to disturbing reports of torture by both parties.” The High Commissioner condemned arbitrary arrest, detention, threat and intimidation against civil society representatives, human rights defenders, journalists, and others.

Many reports of international organizations and UN agencies indicate that the war of the 15th of April 2023 AD has been accompanied by a noticeable increase in rates of violations at an unprecedented rate in the history of wars in Sudan. Human beings’ abuses have increased in Darfur region during the current war. These violations are clearly manifested in the figures and numbers of the displaced people, the dead, and the aerial bombardments, the destruction of public and private facilities and properties, the rarity of food and medicines, and unlimited statistics of malnutrition. This is in addition to the tribal conflict, excessive proliferation of weapons and the severity of polarization by both sides of the war.

in Darfur region, the ongoing war between Sudan Armed Forces (SAF) and the Rapid Support Forces (RSF) is killing children who represent the entire future, together with the elderly who are carrying the memories and history. The war which exceeded 485 days, according to international and United Nations’ agencies left behind a legacy of catastrophic and miserable situations. The United Nations and the American Famine Early Warning Systems Network have jointly declared Zamzam IDPs camp in Northern Darfur as a famine zone. The Coordination for IDPs and Refugees in Darfur, on the other hand, has reported that this catastrophic situation does not solely confine to Zamzam refugees’ camp, but rather engulf other 171 refugees’ camps, which are identically similar to Zamzam’s situation. The threatened camps about to reach the state of crisis and catastrophe. The causes of this famine are attributable to the ongoing war, unjustifiably groundless hindrances and obstructions of aid access to the needy and war-affected people, in addition to the natural unfavorable factors of rains and floods. Surprisingly, National Humanitarian Aid Commission (NHAC) has denied any existence of famine in Zamzam camp. While RSF, which is controlling most of Darfur region (four out of five states), blames SAF responsible for preventing and hindering the delivery of the humanitarian assistance to reach the needy people in the region and areas under their control.

Recently, the United Nations announced its decision to set up a humanitarian operation center in Central Darfur state. Mr. Toby Harward, the UN’s Deputy Secretary-General for Humanitarian Coordination in Sudan, shared this update on a social media platform. The choice of Central Darfur as a humanitarian hub was influenced by the intact UN facilities in the state compared to other states, as well as its central location in Darfur Region. Mr. Harward mentioned that warehouses in Nertiti, Golo, and Zalingei remained secure during conflicts, thanks to local authorities’ actions. He emphasized the importance of these facilities for expanding humanitarian aid delivery.
The UN’s announcement coincided with negotiations facilitated by the organization between conflicting parties – the SAF and RSF – concerning humanitarian issues in Geneva in early July. Following these discussions, RSF committed to easing the distribution of humanitarian aid in various Sudanese regions, particularly those under its control. These developments unfolded against the backdrop of a dire humanitarian crisis in Darfur, where the ongoing conflict between SAF and RSF has led to the displacement of millions, causing them to lose their homes, belongings, and basic necessities for survival.
In a July 21, 2024 interview with Darfur24, Mr. Harward shared that reports from the Sudan Liberation Movement led by Abdul Wahid Mohamed Nur indicated that Jebel Marra, under their control, hosted around 5 million displaced individuals. Harward described the situation in Darfur as catastrophic, stressing the UN’s commitment to negotiating with all parties to secure access – by air or land – to provide food, medicine, and shelter to all affected areas and individuals in need.
Meanwhile, numerous long-standing and newly displaced persons in camps near Nyala, Zalingei, Al Fashir, and Al Daein continue to face the looming threat of famine. This includes thousands of malnourished children, women, and elderly individuals due to the obstruction of humanitarian aid.

Since day one of the war outbreak in Sudan between Sudan Armed Forces SAF and the Rapid Support Forces RSF, the SAF Airforce launched attacks on RSF bases and civilian targets in the capital Khartoum. (140) days later, on September 3, 2023, SAF Airforce launched the first airstrike on Nyala in South Darfur State Sudan Tribune. However, according to multiple media sources, some (42) consecutive airstrikes were carried-out on several towns and villages in the five states of Darfur, resulted in multiple deaths and injures including children, women and elderly people, in addition killing of livestock. These successive raids caused damages on infrastructures, such as hospitals, schools, markets, including the most important bridge linking the northern and southern parts of Nyala, plus destruction of hundreds of houses. However, July 14, 2024 recorded the last two airstrikes on Nyala and El Geneina.
Information contained in this report were obtained have been gathered, analyzed, verified by SalaaMedia team from several sources.

360 days after the eruption of Sudanese War in April 15, 2023, battels escalated in Al-Fashir North Darfur State. This development occurred after Darfur Armed Movements signatories to Juba peace agreement switch position and declared to fight beside the Sudanese Armed Forces (SAF). In return to that, the Rapid Support Forces (RSF), encircled Al Fashir since May 10, 2024, after taking full control of Milleet town in Northern Darfur State in April 14, 2024. Clashes in and out of Al Fashir resulted into massive displacement of around 328,981 civilians, according to IOM Displacement Matrix. On other side, and due to military operations around Al Fashir on 10 – 19 of June 2024, about 346 people were killed and 2,200 injured, said Dr. Mohamed Abdalla Khatir, the General Director of Ministry of Health in North Darfur State.
In a report posted by Medical San Frontiers- MSF in June 14, 2024, on 10 – 11 of June 2024, the number of wounded persons reported at the Southern and Al-Saudi hospitals have reached 1,418, while 226 people recorded dead.

The Independent Fact-Finding Mission in Sudan issued its report after seven months of searching and information gathering on the facts, circumstances and root causes of alleged violations and abuses of human rights and international humanitarian law, and related crimes committed by the two warring parties and their respective alliances. However, immediately after the report was issued, the government announced its rejection of its contents in full, accusing it of lack of professionalism and independence. Meanwhile, the Rapid Support Forces described the report’s findings as unbalanced, and said in a statement that the Mission did not visit the areas under its control, yet called for extending the Mission’s mandate.