Fears and concerns are increasing day after day that continuation of the war in Sudan will cause more than five million children and about 100,000 students in higher education institutions to lose their right to education in the Darfur region. The war caused widespread destruction on education infrastructure in the region, which led to the disruption of educational process in all states of the region, except in some areas thanks to the initiatives of local communities.
In this report, SalaaMedia team highlights the state of education and volume of damage to various education facilities in the region, as well as the number of affected students, in addition to local initiatives contributing to providing opportunities for some students to continue their education.

Airstrikes by Sudanese Armed Forces warplanes on Al-Kuma locality in North Darfur state amounted to more than 20 raids within five months. That is in spite of the residents adopting a position of neutrality, choosing not to align with either side of the war, in a meeting in the town’s mosque, only three days after the war eruption.
Upon early days of the war, Al-Kuma became a destination and a shelter for displaced people from Khartoum, Nyala, Umm Kadada, Al-Fashir, and other areas that witnessed confrontations between the Sudanese Armed Forces and the Rapid Support Forces. IDPs statistics – according to local residents – exceeded 40 thousand families, residing in 23 camps. The Darfur Victims Advocacy Organization stated that the Al-Kuma houses about 350,000 displaced people, most of whom are women, children and elderlies. The town never encountered any clashes between the warring parties since the beginning of war, dur to fact that, there are no garrisons for the Armed Forces nor the Rapid Support Forces.
Al-Kuma town hosts the Headquarters of Al- Kuma locality, distance about 76 kilometers east of Al-Fashir along the national road linking Darfur region to the capital, Khartoum. The locality includes four administrative units (Al-Kuma, Sari, Um Heglig, Al-Kabir and Ghibaish), where most inhabitants draw from Arab pastoralist origins.
In this report, SalaaMedia team illustrates the number of air strikes that the locality was subjected to, the numbers of dead and wounded civilians, and as well attempts to explore reasons behind airstrikes targeting the area with such a number of airstrikes since battles intensified in North Darfur in May 2024.

The second paragraph of the Jeddah Declaration of Humanitarian Principles stipulates that the parties to the conflict must respect International Humanitarian Law and International Humanitarian Rights Law, including distinguishing at all times between civilians and combatants and between civilian objects and military objectives, and refraining from any attack that is expected to cause incidental civilian damage that is excessive in relation to the concrete and direct military advantage anticipated. Despite this, the airstrikes of the armed forces since the beginning of the war in Sudan on the 15th of April 2023, have continued to target various towns and states of Sudan, including Darfur, causing loss of life, properties, and infrastructural facilities.
This report highlights the bombing operations that South Darfur State was subjected to and the resulting loss of life, property, and civilian objects during the period from July to December 2024.
South Darfur State witnessed four airstrikes during the last two months, which were concentrated on the neighborhoods of Nyala town, with most of the airstrikes occurring at night or in the early morning hours.
Organizations’ data and press reports indicated that most of these raids were carried out by Antonov aircrafts, as these aircrafts dropped more than eight barrels on Nyala airport alone in the last bombing of the town.

The escalation of fighting between the Sudanese Armed Forces and the Joint Force against the Rapid Support Forces after the announcement of the mediation led by the United States of America, Saudi Arabia, and Switzerland to lift the Geneva negotiations on August 23, 2024. The escalation occurred despite the pressure of the international community on the two parties to stop the fighting in the town of Al-Fashir. As a result, civilians in the Darfur region are facing harsh humanitarian conditions due to the battles taking place in the town and the ongoing air strikes launched by the military aircraft of the Armed Forces.
In this report, SalaaMedia team monitors the battles that took place in the town of Al-Fashir after the suspension of the Geneva negotiations, the impact of this on civilians in Darfur, and the effectiveness of international pressure on the reality in Al-Fashir.

The causes of death have multiplied due to the effects of of the war since April 2023, which left widespread destruction in the health sector infrastructure in Darfur states, including hospitals, health centers, pharmacies, warehouses and drug stores in the region. This resulted in the lack of health care services, a shortage of medicine, and a significant increase in the its prices. It is worth noting that the World Health Organization had previously called on donors to support the health sector in Sudan with an estimated $178 million in order to address the health crisis that the country is experiencing.

Between United Nations Resolution that aims at lifting the siege from Al Fashir, the capital of North Darfur State, and the local, regional, and other international pressure initiatives to end war in Sudan; the situation in Al Fashir is still deteriorating due to the fighting escalation between SAF and its allied forces, against the RSF. In addition to that, the aerial strikes and bombardments on North Darfur State have not stopped despite the imposed Flight Embargo on Darfur since 2003 and sanctions by the European Union Council on SAF Airforce Commander, Gen. Altahir Mohammed Al-Awad Al-Amen. It was hoped that these international, regional, and local efforts would put pressures on the warring parties to stop the fight and save the lives of citizens, but in vain, while civilians remain unprotected.
This report shed lights on the statistics of civilians killed during the fighting in Al Fashir and those forced to flee, as well as those threatened by famine and lack of access to health care due to destruction of the health sector.

Local initiatives have multiplied to reduce the effects of the humanitarian situation left behind by the war between the Armed Forces and Rapid Support Forces, after international efforts to provide humanitarian aid faced many obstacles; which caused famine in a number of states in the country. Among these initiatives are what emergency rooms and youth groups in Darfur towns have been doing, and efforts to make this year’s agricultural season a success, in addition to attempts to open airports in Darfur towns to receive humanitarian aid after the rainy season hindered the delivery of relief to all parts of the region.
In this report, the SalaaMedia Center monitors these initiatives and their effectiveness in confronting the effects of the war and famine that struck large parts of towns and displacement camps in Darfur.

The border crossing leading to Darfur have remained close to the flow of humanitarian aid as a result of the war and natural disasters such as floods and rains. The opening of the Adre border crossing between Sudan and Chad was announced to deliver humanitarian aid to Darfur; the first shipment of aid arrived on August 20.
In this report, SalaaMedia sheds light on the the process of opening the crossings and the challenges they face, in addition to to the internal and external reactions to the feasibility of opening these crossings.

Local initiatives have multiplied to reduce the effects of the humanitarian situation left behind by the war between the Armed Forces and Rapid Support Forces, after international efforts to provide humanitarian aid faced many obstacles; which caused famine in a number of states in the country. Among these initiatives are what emergency rooms and youth groups in Darfur towns have been doing, and efforts to make this year’s agricultural season a success, in addition to attempts to open airports in Darfur towns to receive humanitarian aid after the rainy season hindered the delivery of relief to all parts of the region.
In this report, the SalaaMedia Center monitors these initiatives and their effectiveness in confronting the effects of the war and famine that struck large parts of towns and displacement camps in Darfur.

The floods, due to the high rainfall rate this year, have created another factor of death, suffering and displacement of citizens in the Darfur region, which has been suffering from the scourges of wars since 2003. The month of August of each year witnesses the peak of rainfall rates and torrential floods. This year, floods swept more than 20 towns, villages and camps for displaced persons in the region, causing loss of life and properties, with the collapse of thousands of homes and service facilities.
In this report, the SalaaMedia team monitored the deaths and losses of resulting from this disaster, including a number of deaths, homeless, displaced persons, service facilities, roads and bridges, in addition to losses in livestock.