@article{Nokey_39,

title = {سلام السودان بين الرباعية وتعنت العسكر},

author = {SalaaMedia Report},

url = {https://salaamedia.org/%d8%b3%d9%84%d8%a7%d9%85-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b3%d9%88%d8%af%d8%a7%d9%86-%d8%a8%d9%8a%d9%86-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b1%d8%a8%d8%a7%d8%b9%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d9%88%d8%aa%d8%b9%d9%86%d8%aa-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b9%d8%b3%d9%83/},

year  = {2025},

date = {2025-10-06},

abstract = {في محاولة جديدة لوقف نزيف الحرب الدامية في السودان، قامت دول الرباعية المكونة من الولايات المتحدة الامريكية، المملكة العربية السعودية، الإمارات العربية المتحدة ومصر، مؤخراً قامت بإصدار بياناً دعت فيه الأطراف المتحاربة إلى الالتزام بهدنة إنسانية لثلاثة أشهر؛ يعقبها وقف دائم لإطلاق النار تمهيداً للشروع في عملية سياسية شاملة، وبالتالي حكومة مدنية في غضون تسعة أشهر. },

keywords = {Calls for peace},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Nokey_38,

title = {حرب السودان المنسية.. ان تقف اليوم أفضل من الغد},

author = {SalaaMedia Report},

url = {https://salaamedia.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/09/حرب-السودان-المنسية-2.pdf},

year  = {2025},

date = {2025-09-21},

urldate = {2025-09-21},

abstract = {هذا التقرير تم إعداده من تقارير سابقة وفق خطة، وبعد وضع التحديثات الضرورية بغرض جمع أدلة حول أثر الحرب الحالية في السدان على حياة المدنيين. وبالتالي، فهو تقرير مناصرة بالأساس، يستهدف تسليط دائرة ضوء واسعة على الأوضاع الإنسانية في ظل هذه الحرب وانسداد آفاق الحلول السياسية. الرسالة الأخيرة التي يريد التقرير توصليها إلى طرفي الحرب، والمجتمع الدولي والإقليمي، أن هذه الحرب لابد أن تقف اليوم قبل غداً، فكل لحظة زمنية تمر، تفاقم الأوضاع الإنسانية بصورة تجعل من معالجتها أقرب إلى المستحيل، وتتعقد الحلول السياسية. 

},

keywords = {Calls for peace},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Nokey_32,

title = {SAHEL BATTLES - FURTHER DISPLACEMENT WITHOUT HUMANITARIAN AID},

author = {SalaaMedia Report},

url = {https://salaamedia.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/JANUARY-Reports-3-Sahel-Battles-Further-Displacement-without-Humanitarian-Aid.pdf},

year  = {2025},

date = {2025-02-10},

abstract = {Ibrahim Adam, the (57) year old man, never predicted his house in Mellit town, in North Darfur, would be at the center of a war zone. Armed confrontations by the warring parties and airstrikes by the Sudanese Armed Forces (SAF) have forced him to leave his house. He became one among thousands of displaced persons from North Darfur (Desert Belt). However, those who could not leave the area have managed to survive the repeated airstrikes by devising an effective trick to preserve their lives and those of their family members. They dig trenches within their houses and in front of shops, in order to hide when hearing warplanes buzzing or sounds of artillery during clashes. These trenches temporarily saved them from death; Ibrahim narrated how people would rush in terror as soon as they heard the buzz of planes.},

keywords = {Humanitarian situations},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Nokey_31,

title = {JABAL MARRAH… DEATH VALLEYS},

author = {SalaaMedia Report},

url = {https://salaamedia.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/JANUARY-Reports-2-Jabal-Marra…-Death-Valleys.pdf},

year  = {2025},

date = {2025-01-21},

abstract = {Escaping from conflict zones is not easy, it can mark the beginning of a new suffering in search of safety. Darfur civilians are facing major challenges throughout the current war in Sudan, while fleeing areas under artillery shelling, airstrikes and fierce battles. Civilians of Al-Fashir have been fleeing war consequences, which continued for more than eight months. Among those fleeing the hell of war is Mrs. Arafa Adam, who was forced to leave the sheltering center in Al-Fashir, where she was staying and relocated to areas controlled by the Sudan Liberation Movement (SLM)- Abdul Wahid Mohamed Nur in Jabal Marra. “After spending two days on top of an overcrowded truck, we managed to reach Rokiirow in Jabal Marra”, says Arafa, describing her journey from AL-Fashir. She further said: “The journey was not easy. We faced many challenges, including lack of food and water, which made us worry about our health and that of our children”. Similarly, another IDP, Mr. Suleiman Ibrahim, explained that traveling between mountainous areas to reach Jabal Marra is very challenging, adding; “Families are forced to walk for days in very hard conditions facing harsh winter, making the journey more difficult“. Suleiman elaborated that; some IDPs prefer to travel by truck as it offers them some comfort, while others choose to walk due to lack of transportation means and money in addition to their suffering. “Many children and women are suffering from physical exhaustion and hunger, and some are forced to abandon their belongings or even family members“, he added.},

keywords = {Humanitarian situations},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Nokey,

title = {WAR TWISTS JUSTICE},

author = {SalaaMedia Report},

url = {https://salaamedia.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/December-Reports-2-War-Twists-Justice.pdf},

year  = {2025},

date = {2025-01-16},

urldate = {2025-01-16},

keywords = {Humanitarian situations},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Nokey_30,

title = {WEAPONIZING NATIONAL CURRENCY},

author = {SalaaMedia Report},

url = {https://salaamedia.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/JANUARY-Reports-1-Weaponizing-National-Currency.pdf},

year  = {2025},

date = {2025-01-15},

abstract = {Upon its decision made in November, last year, the Government of Sudan has finally replaced one bill of the Sudanese currency (only the one-thousand-pound banknote), while the initial intention was to replace tow notes. The replacement process, which ended on January 6, 2025, covered seven states out of the country’s 18 states. The Sudan Central Bank acknowledged that the currency replacement in 11 states has been postponed due to exceptional measures, hence ensuring accurate implementation of the plan to preserve citizens’ rights. The Bank stressed that some bills of the old currency are exempted until they are replaced later. Despite the challenges, the Central Bank stressed its commitment to fairness and inclusivity of the process. However, Darfur states were among the states that were excluded from the process, based on RSF’s rejection of the new currency notes, considering them as illegal tenders. RSF proceeded to issue a decision preventing circulation of the new currency bills in the region, while allowing the circulation of foreign currencies.

In this report, SalaaMedia Center records the effects of the currency replacement as well as banning its circulation within RSF-controlled areas.},

keywords = {Humanitarian situations},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Nokey_29,

title = {CHAFF-HARVESTING: SIX MONTHS OF HUMANITARIAN CATASTROPHE IN SUDAN},

author = {SalaaMedia Report},

url = {https://salaamedia.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/DECEMBER-REPORTS-MONTHLY-2-Chaff-harvesting-Six-Months-of-Humanitarian-Catastrophe-in-Sudan.pdf},

year  = {2025},

date = {2025-01-06},

abstract = {The grave violations committed in Darfur around mid-2003 shocked, the global human conscience and led international organizations to accuse the head of the regime, his military officers, and the militias under his command of committing crimes of genocide and ethnic cleansing in the region. Two decades later, the entire country has been plunged into a grinding war that has spread to all regions, where indescribable atrocities have been – and continue to be – committed. Some observers of the conflict attribute the violence in Darfur, to environmental, political, social, and historical factors. These factors include accumulated negligence and marginalization of the region by central governments along with the drought in mid-1980s, which tore Darfur’s social fabric. This, combined with the steady population growth due to high birth rates and migration of desert nomads from the sub-Saharan belt into Darfur in search of land due to the drought, such factors led to the collapse of Darfur’s fragile social fabric. Since then, the fragile relationship between farmers and pastoralists in Darfur began to break down, leading to ethnic conflicts between the region’s components.},

keywords = {Flight bans, Humanitarian aid, Humanitarian situations},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Nokey,

title = {DRUMBEAT OF WAR AND WASTED PEACE OPPORTUNITIES},

author = {SalaaMedia Report},

url = {https://salaamedia.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/DECEMBER-REPORTS-MONTHLY-1-Drumbeat-of-War-and-Wasted-Peace-Opportunities.pdfhttps://salaamedia.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/DECEMBER-REPORTS-MONTHLY-1-Drumbeat-of-War-and-Wasted-Peace-Opportunities-1.pdf},

year  = {2025},

date = {2025-01-06},

urldate = {2025-01-06},

abstract = {Approaching the end of the second year of war in Sudan, humanitarian situation continues to deteriorate at all levels, leaving behind unimaginable tragedies, that it has been described as the greatest humanitarian disaster in modern human history. Not only did this war destroyed infrastructure and social relations but also put the entire young generations’ future at risk. Therefore, calls to stop the continuous shed of blood and resources become of great importance at all levels in order to shape the states and society future in Sudan.

This report relied mainly on previous reports by the SalaaMedia Center that reviewed the humanitarian situation in Darfur, peace endeavors and efforts made in this regard. It also includes subsequent developments; situations update, and its generated results and recommendations drawn from analysis of the data accumulated from the previous reports.},

keywords = {Calls for peace},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Nokeyz,

title = {DARFUR - WOMEN AGAINST DEATH},

author = {SalaaMedia Report},

url = {https://salaamedia.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/December-Reports-1-Women-Against-Death-791x1024.png},

year  = {2024},

date = {2024-12-19},

abstract = {The 52 years old, Sayedah Mohamed Hardimi, with her below 13 years old disabled daughter, were forced to leave their home in Al-Ma’had (B) neighborhood due to battles between the Sudanese Armed Forces (SAF) and the Rapid Support Forces (RSF) in Al Fashir town and recited to Zamzam Camp for internally displaced persons (IDPs) searching of safety. However, the mother and her girl again suffered terror and panic after the camp was subjected to artillery shelling by RSF for days in early December 2024. After taking refuge to Zamzam camp, the woman who teaches physics subject at secondary schools in North Darfur state, was unable to escape this time. She said in a video clip circulated on social media that; she and her disabled girl-child were unable to flee for the second time due to lack of money that would have enabled them to relocate to a safer place. She stated, “Artillery shells from four directions fell near the center of the camp where we live with others.” The loud sounds of the cannons were enough to terrify Sayedah and all the displaced people in the camp, forcing many of them to flee, leaving only her and some families, including disabled and elderly persons, with no options or means to move to a safe haven. The mother added, “Families who had financial abilities left the camp, while we do not have transportation fare.”},

keywords = {Humanitarian situations},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Nokeyy,

title = {SUDAN - KILLINGS AT DETENTIONS},

author = {SalaaMedia Report},

url = {https://salaamedia.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/NOVEMBER-REPORTS-MONTHLY-SUDAN-KILLINGS-AT-DETENTIONS.pdf},

year  = {2024},

date = {2024-12-09},

abstract = {It has been proven throughout the long history of human experience that violations that occur among civilians are the most prominent feature of many wars. Violations vary and take tragic forms, manifested in their most extreme form by depriving a person of his right to life. The current war in Sudan remains a strong testimony to the horror of these violations, especially in Darfur. The practices of both sides of the war, such as detention without legal support, torture that degrades human dignity, and even murder, have constituted one of the greatest disasters that humanity has witnessed recently. There is no doubt that the longer the war lasts, the more the rates of violations increase, the more diverse their forms become, and the more complex the ways to resolve them become. Civilians in Darfur had the largest share of violations compared to the rest of the regions of Sudan, due to the prolonged war there since 2003 AD. Arbitrary arrests, unlawful detention, kidnapping and enforced disappearance; It has become part of daily life in Darfur. These crimes committed by the parties to the war were accompanied by torture and starvation, which led to the death of a significant number of victims inside prisons and detention centers. In previous reports, the SalaaMedia team monitored more than 271 arrest crimes committed by war parties against civilians in the states of North and South Darfur. Later, the number of detainees in South Darfur rose to 353 people as a result of the application of the emergency law imposed by the civil administration in the state. This report particularly highlights the torture and death accompanying detention by warring parties.},

keywords = {Humanitarian situations},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Nokeyx,

title = {WAR VICTIMIZES HIGHSCHOOL STUDENTS IN DARFUR},

author = {SalaaMedia Report},

url = {https://salaamedia.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/November-Reports-4-War-Victimizes-Highschool-Students-In-Darfur-791x1024.png},

year  = {2024},

date = {2024-12-05},

abstract = {Education is a recognized right in accordance with the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, in which Article 26 states: “Everyone has the right to education.” Despite this, there are only a few days left until the date of the Sudanese certificate exams (postponed) from the year 2023 AD; The Federal Ministry of Education announced its establishment on December 28, 2024, AD. The announcement of exams came despite the lack of clarity surrounding the future of students in several states in Sudan, especially Darfur. Which may lead to depriving them of their right to compete with their colleagues in the (relatively) stable states, and thus this will affect their right to education. Depriving Darfur students from participating in Sudanese certificate exams is a clear violation of the right guaranteed under the Universal Declaration of Human Rights.

In this report, the SalaaMedia team reviews the obstacles that students in the Darfur states face in applying and then sitting for the Sudanese certificate exams. This is due to a breakdown in communication between federal institutions and lower levels in areas outside the control of the armed forces. Controlled by support forces.},

keywords = {Humanitarian situations},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Nokeyv,

title = {DICPLACEMENT CAMPS UNDER FIRE},

author = {SalaaMedia Report},

url = {https://salaamedia.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/November-Reports-2-Displacement-Camps-Under-Fire.pdf},

year  = {2024},

date = {2024-11-21},

urldate = {2024-11-21},

abstract = {Displaced people at camps in Darfur states, have not been spared the hell of the current war, despite the existence of clear provisions in international humanitarian law requiring their protection. The camps that were established as a result of the 2003 war, and the shelter centers in which citizens took refuge after the outbreak of the 2023 war, were subjected to attacks and artillery and air bombardment, by the parties to the war. Which led to hundreds of deaths and injuries and the complete destruction of some shelter centers, in addition to a number of homes and service facilities in the camps. The number of displacement camps in Darfur reached about 176 camps distributed among the five states of the region.

In this report, the Salaamedia team monitored the numbers of dead and wounded in the camps (Abushouk, Zamzam, Al-Hasahisa, Khamsa Daqaq, and Atash). Monitoring is limited to the period between April to November 2023 AD for the camps in the states of South and Central Darfur, and from April to November 2024, for the camps in the states of North and East Darfur. These are the periods within which the frequency of battles increased between the parties to the war in the cities of the region.},

keywords = {Flight bans, Humanitarian situations},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Nokeyw,

title = {CASH FLOW - DEATH AND BANKRUPTCY},

author = {SalaaMedia Report},

url = {https://salaamedia.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/November-Reports-3-Cash-Flow-Death-and-Bankruptcy.pdf},

year  = {2024},

date = {2024-11-19},

urldate = {2024-11-19},

abstract = {The decision of the Central Bank of Sudan to change some denominations of the Sudanese currency sparked widespread reactions. This is because of its economic and political effects related to the war the country is witnessing. Although the Central Bank formulated a number of justifications for printing the new currency, including draining the markets of counterfeit currencies looted from banks, banks, companies, shops and homes. However, the decision may cause additional living suffering for civilians in conflict areas, especially the Darfur region, due to the Central Bank’s loss of the mechanism for distributing cash currencies throughout the country and its inability to send new denominations to those areas, where banks and banks have gone out of service. The battles that took place between the armed forces and the Rapid Support Forces in the main cities of the Darfur region led to the destruction of most of the bank branches after their balances were looted, and thus they were completely out of service. Which led to a scarcity of cash among civilians to the point of nonexistence due to the complete interruption of the periodic supply of banknotes to the cities of the region.},

keywords = {Humanitarian situations},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Nokeyu,

title = {EFFECTS OF CLOSING ADRIE BORDER-CROSSING},

author = {SalaaMedia Report},

url = {https://salaamedia.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/November-Reports-1-Local-Efforts-to-Confront-Famine.pdf},

year  = {2024},

date = {2024-11-19},

abstract = {The three-month period specified by the Sudanese government to operate the Adre border crossing between Sudan and Chad ends by mid-November. Dr. Jibril Ibrahim, the Sudanese Minister of Finance, anticipated this date with a tweet on his account. He said, this crossing must be closed immediately until some arrangements are fixed including the presence of a team from the Customs Police, the Standards and Metrology Authority, and the Intelligence Service at the crossing, in addition to placing X-ray scanning devices to facilitate the identification of transit goods. This coincided with statements by government officials that there was no famine in the Darfur region, which indicates the government’s intention to close the crossing again. In this regard, the Sudanese Minister of Agriculture, Abu Bakr Al-Bushra, denied the presence of signs of famine in Sudan. He said, “Everything that is being raised about the existence of famine in Sudan is intended to open the borders and exploit that to bring in weapons and equipment for the Rapid Support Forces and pave the way for the entry of foreign forces, and this harms Sudan’s sovereignty.” This comes in light of calls from the international community to keep the crossing open for aid to enter the region, and the World Food Program said that it needs safe access and the flow of aid through all border crossings. In this report, Salaamedia Center monitors amounts of relief received by the states of Darfur through Adre crossing in the period from September 1, 2024, until now, in completion of the monitoring process carried out by the center since the opening of the crossing in the period from August 15 to August 30, 2024. In addition to researching the effects that closing the crossing might have on the humanitarian situation},

keywords = {Humanitarian aid},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Nokeyt,

title = {NETWORK OF  DEADLY VIOLATIONS AGAINST DARFUR CIVILIANS},

author = {SalaaMedia Report},

url = {https://salaamedia.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/OCTOBER-REPORTS-MONTHLY-Network-of-Deadly-Violations-Against-Darfur-Civilians.pdf},

year  = {2024},

date = {2024-11-07},

abstract = {Citizens in the Darfur region suffer from a severe shortage of food and basic materials, as well as a lack of necessary life-saving medicines, which has led to a noticeable increase in the deaths of mothers and pregnant women. Despite this, there is a loss of security and stability as a result of the violent fighting in the city of El Fasher between the armed forces and the joint force on the one hand, and the Rapid Support Forces on the other hand. The air strikes also worsened the conditions in areas where clashes had stopped, or which were under the control of the Rapid Support.

These conditions mask a growing humanitarian crisis, as displaced people and the communities hosting them suffer from severe food shortages, and women and children are unable to obtain necessary health care. Due to the disruption of the health system in the region. Regarding education, there is an estimated percentage of children who are not enrolled in school. Moreover, the rates of security incidents and disturbances have increased in areas not witnessing conflict.

This report summarizes the overall humanitarian disasters to which civilians in Darfur have been exposed as a result of the war and the armed forces’ warplane raids, especially calls from official authorities to close the crossings through which humanitarian aid flows. This resulted in disasters that put the people of Darfur in a spiral with almost no chance of survival. All these disasters surround the people of Darfur, and thus place huge responsibilities on the international and regional community. The most important of which is pressure to stop the war, in addition to the serious effort to provide humanitarian aid to save civilians from the danger of hunger, in addition to pressure for arrangements that preserve human life in the region from other dangers.},

keywords = {Humanitarian situations},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}